Summary 

Before Georgia, like most other post-Soviet countries, the issue of transition to a neo-industrial innovative type of development is acute, based on the formation of an appropriate sectoral structure of the economy and the development of state and business systems for its coordination. In this connection, the article explores the methodological and practical aspects of the formation of sectoral, technological and organizational _ institutional structures (state and business) in the context of globalization and offers proposals for the creation and coordination of development in the country of such an industry structure that meets modern standards of sustainable development.

The achievement of the neo-industrial type of the structure of the country's economy presupposes the following character of the development of this structure in the context of the economic branches: the emergence of new industries, first of all, the production of information and telecommunications (IT) equipment, as well as some others that gain considerable weight in the industry structure; sustainable development of innovation activities both within individual economic sectors of the economy, and in the form of objects of a separate sector of the economy; increase in the proportion of intellectual products and services in the total value of products and services produced; Increase in the share of the service sector (services) in the total volume of products and services; sustainable development of industries with high and key technologies, as well as the production of related products and services; timely diffusion of new and modernized technologies into a number of traditional industries; in Georgia, as in the post-Soviet country, resuscitation on the basis of modernized technologies temporarily lost the importance of traditional industries (in light industry, high-tech industries, furniture industry, etc.); the orientation of the development of the agro-industrial complex for the purpose of ensuring the country's food security in the long term; development of production technologies for individualized services and products (individual tailoring, housing construction, furniture production, some types of medical services, etc.).

The spreading of technologies (diffusion) into individual economic branches has the following character: new industries are being formed that produce production and consumer technologies of a "key factor", oriented towards neo-industrial development within the framework of the modern technological order; in the post-Soviet countries, on the basis of modernization, some of the lost technologies (industries, manufactures) that are a necessary component of the neo-industrial economic structure are reanimated; to some extent (depending on the technological nature of the industries) diffusion of technologies of the key factor into other sectors and the corresponding modernization of production technologies in them occurs (for example, in some developing countries the share of use in technologies, especially in agriculture, related to the technologies of the key factor of the 4th technological order of the internal combustion engine, in the modern, providing a neo-industrial type of development, the 6th technological order, diffusion occurs in commercial industry of IT technologies, technologies of automation of mechanical processes, etc.).; However, the technological modernization of traditional industries is not based only on the introduction of technologies of key factor, but also on the development of the technologies used without their participation (for example, in agriculture, through the modernization of traditional crop rotation schemes, soil ennobling systems and their protection from erosion in the traditional industries, "fine-tuning" of mechanical technologies takes place also on the basis of including elements of key factor technologies in them and without their participation).

The development in some countries of the sectoral and technological structure of the economy at present can not be considered in isolation from the processes of globalization. Of the factors of modern globalization, which influence and determine the formation and development of the sectoral and technological structure of individual countries, it should be noted the following:

1. The possibilities of accelerated diffusion of new production technologies from the countries-technological leaders to the recipient countries (with a favorable economic climate in these countries), both developed and developing, have significantly increased. Moreover, the development of new and modernized technologies takes place both by attracting real foreign capital (primarily in the form of TNC enterprises) and by purchasing and developing new and modernized traditional technologies (in small and medium-sized countries, production of own production technologies is possible only for selected directions);

2. New opportunities for accelerated adaptation of organizational and institutional structures of business and supporting state institutional systems to the perception of new technologies and a non-industrial transformation of the sectoral structure of the economy are emerging in the framework of developing global and regional economic order. Examples of a number of developed and developing countries (in which a favorable institutional and business climate is maintained and modern organizational and institutional business structures are created) clearly demonstrate this fact;

3. The role of international technological cooperation is greatly enhanced. The economies of countries, their industries and business are included in the relevant global and regional interstate networks. This is an extremely important process that ensures the maximum possible industry and technological diversification of production, especially in the context of a small country with a transforming economy, for the business environment of which it is very important to participate not only in global but also in regional cooperative technological networks;

4. The development of globalization is increasingly regulated by global economic organizations. Liberalization of trade (tariff reduction), which is regulated by the WTO, on the one hand, expands the possibility of exports for countries, on the other hand, to some extent, puts pressure on national producers. Both factors have a certain influence on the development of the sectoral and technological structure in individual countries;

5. Under the influence of globalization processes, with the aim of adapting to them, the functions of public administration in individual countries also change. In successfully developing countries, national systems for supporting neo-industrial development and, accordingly, business are being modernized and increasingly sophisticated.

The use of economic mechanisms based on the principles of neoliberalism in the practice of regulation does not always and not immediately bring an obvious steady success. However, the countries that are consistent ("not too accurately" - in the terminology of J. Stiglitz) the institutions that adhered to it achieved certain, some of them significant, successes in neo-industrial development.

In general, at present, the setting of global economic organizations within individual countries within the designated limits allows for freedom of experimentation in the choice of economic policy. "The main challenge is to identify the narrowest bottlenecks that restrict growth and their expansion by means of microeconomic and macroeconomic policies." This approach is also at the heart of current modernized options for neo-liberal economic policies, which, in principle, are shared by most developed and developing countries. The modern principles of neo-liberal policy formulated in a number of scientific developments, some of which have already been reflected in the guidelines and prescriptions of global international organizations, allow states to modernize their economic policies in certain frameworks, responding to current short- and long-term circumstances, and in particular, to modernize measures aimed at support of neo-industrial branch development.

To solve the tasks that arise from the challenges of globalization in the area of ​​achieving sustainable and accelerated non-industrial innovative development of the country, such as the formation of a modern industrial and technological structure, accelerated development of industry and agriculture, innovation and agro-industrial complexes, the development of regional innovation clusters, improvement of business -structures in economic sectors, diversification of economy in the country and its regions, development of regional systems of services of mainstream production, it is necessary to further develop organizational and institutional systems for coordinating social and economic development both in the country as a whole and in its regions.

This primarily involves the development of an appropriate strategy, which should identify: ways to improve the system of distribution of powers among the central, regional and local governments; at all levels of management ways to improve the institutional order; the task of the formation of a modern technological order, which means, at the level of the country as a whole and in the context of its regions, the definition (in cities and rural areas) of priority sectors, the development and implementation of policies to stimulate the development of industrial hubs, technoparks and other innovative centers, the determination of the development of export-oriented, import-substituting and other actual productions on the basis of creation of auxiliary facilities and productions necessary for their operation; ways to diversify production (in cities and rural areas) across the country as a whole and in the context of its regions; ways to develop regional innovative clusters; ways to stimulate the development of supporting services and firms (in rural areas) necessary for the main production of the real sector, characteristic of a market economy.

To implement the strategy of non-industrial innovation development, to ensure the implementation of sectoral structural and innovation policies, further improvement of mechanisms for coordination and regulation of such development is necessary. This is especially important for a country that is in a post-communist transformation and assumes, both at the country level and at local (regional, local) levels, the coordination of the development of market institutions and organizations (financial, production) and government regulation instruments.

The improvement of the fiscal mechanism aimed at ensuring non-industrial innovation development implies improving the system of tax rates (in particular, the introduction of some of their progress in certain taxes), the introduction of a system of tax incentives aimed at stimulating accelerated development and creating a favorable environment for the activities of priority industries.

The financial policy in the country should be more clearly aimed at supporting the establishment of enterprises based on technologies specific to modern technological structures in order to accelerate the formation of a neo-industrial type of the sectoral structure of the economy in the country.

At the level of the state as a whole, as well as at the level of its regions and local entities, it is necessary to further develop the institutional way of managing (in public and private enterprises, and also between them and between the state and private enterprises). Following the example of developed countries, a variety of mechanisms for the economic management of state-owned enterprises should grow, as well as the variety of contracts between the state and private enterprises for the performance of work ordered by state, regional and local bodies. Also of great importance is the development of institutional relations, which are carried out on the basis of dialogue and conclusion of contracts between state and regional bodies, on the one hand, and entrepreneurs, on the other, about state preferences and business obligations. The development of modern institutional relations in rural areas is especially important at the present time, on the basis of the creation of industry associations of owners, the formation of state, mixed and private specialized auxiliary enterprises, organizations, firms and farms and the allocation of subsidies to agricultural producers for the development of basic production.